An Illustrated and Cross-Referenced Glossary of Malacological and Conchological Terms |
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by Paul S. Mikkelsen |
Term | Definition |
BICONIC | Composed of two conical shapes, base to base; diamond-shaped and having the spire about the same size and shape as the body whorl, in gastropods; CONICAL. See other gastropod shapes. | |
BUCCINOID | Having the shape of shells of the gastropod family Buccinidae. See other gastropod shapes. | |
BULLA | The form of a young COWRY (aka Cowrie), before it forms its final whorls and generates APERTURAL TEETH. | |
BULLOID |
Bubble-shaped; in the shape of a shell of the genus Bulla. See also: BUBBLE SHELL. See other gastropod shapes. |
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CAP-SHAPED | Broadly conical, as in the shell of LIMPETS; see also: CANTED; PATELLATE; PATELLIFORM. See other gastropod shapes. | |
COELOCONOID |
Slightly concave; see also: CYRTOCONOID. See other gastropod shapes. |
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CONICAL |
Cone-shaped; tapering; see also: BICONIC; CONICAL; CYLINDRICAL. See other gastropod shapes. |
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CONVOLUTE | Having the body whorl of the shell expand abruptly so as to wrap around and conceal all the older, subsequent whorls. See also: INVOLUTE. See other gastropod shapes. | |
CYLINDRICAL | Like a cylinder; applied to shells with sides which are nearly parallel, with the extremities either rounded, flat or conical. See also: CONICAL. See other gastropod shapes. | |
CYPRAEIFORM | A shape exemplified by the gastropod genus Cypraea. See other gastropod shapes. | |
CYRTOCONOID | Slightly convex. See also: COELOCONOID. See other gastropod shapes. | |
DECK (2) | The diaphragm of slipper shells (Crepidula spp.), sometimes called the SHELF; see also: DECK (1). | |
DEXTRAL |
Turning clock-wise or to the right, or "right-handed" in gastropods; the direction of coiling in which, with the shell held upright (apex at the top), the aperture is at the right; and in which, with the shell viewed from above the apex, the coiling proceeds from the apex in clockwise direction; = RIGHT HANDED.; opposite of
SINISTRAL; See also:
CHIRALITY;
ENANTIOMORPH;
HETEROSTROPHY; ULTRADEXTRAL. See other gastropod shapes. |
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DISCOIDAL | Round and flat, like a disk.; see also: DEPRESSED; LENTICULAR; PLANISPIRAL; SEMIDISCOIDAL. See other gastropod shapes. | |
FUSIFORM |
Spindle-shaped; biconic, i.e., swelling in the central part and tapering at the extremities. See other gastropod shapes. |
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GLOBOSE | Roughly spherical in form; rounded; see also: GLOBULAR; NERITIFORM. See other gastropod shapes. | |
HELICIFORM | Shaped like shells of the genus Helix. See also: ESCARGOT. See other gastropod shapes. | |
HIGH SPIRED |
Said of a gastropod shell which is much higher than wide; see also: LOW SPIRED. See other gastropod shapes. |
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HYPERSTROPHIC |
[need definition]; see: ULTRADEXTRAL; see also: HETEROSTROPHIC. See other gastropod shapes. |
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INVOLUTE | Having the last whorl enveloping earlier ones, so that the height of the APERTURE is generally the height of the shell, as in the Bullidae; see also: CONVOLUTE. See other gastropod shapes. | |
IRREGULARLY COILED | Gastropod coiling in a nonuniform manner, as exemplified by the genus Distorsio; see also: LOOSELY COILED; TIGHTLY COILED; SPIRALLY COILED. See other gastropod shapes. | |
ISOSTROPHIC |
Gastropod COILING coiling in which [need definition]. See other gastropod shapes. |
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LENTICULAR | Shaped like a lentil or lens; having a narrowly doubly convex form, as in the aperture of certain gastropod shells; see also: DISCOIDAL; PLANISPIRAL. See other gastropod shapes. | |
LOOSELY COILED |
Having few, widely expanding WHORLS; see: GYROCONIC; DEVOLUTE; DISCONTIGUOUS; see also: IRREGULARLY COILED; TIGHTLY COILED; SPIRALLY COILED. See other gastropod shapes. |
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LOW SPIRED |
Said of a gastropod shell which is much wider than high; see also: HIGH SPIRED. See other gastropod shapes. |
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NERITIFORM | A GLOBOSE GASTROPOD shape resembling that of a Nerite snail (e.g., Nerita spp.; Neritina spp.): with few subglobose and rapidly enlarging whorls with a very reduced SPIRE. See other gastropod shapes. | |
OBCONIC | Approximately cone-shaped; see also: BICONIC; CONICAL. See other gastropod shapes. | |
OBOVATE | Reversed OVATE; having the greatest width above the APERTURE, toward the apex. OVATE, with the narrower end basal. See other gastropod shapes. | |
OVATE |
Egg-shaped, with the basal end broader; see also: OBLIQUELY OVATE; OBOVATE. See other gastropod shapes. Photo: Granulina ovuliformis (Orbigny, 1841) |
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PATELLIFORM | Shaped like a human knee cap or patella; = PATELLATE. See other gastropod shapes. | |
PLANISPIRAL | Coiled in a single plane; loosely used also with DISCOIDAL shells having asymmetrical sides; see also: LENTICULAR. See other gastropod shapes. | |
PUPIFORM | Shaped like members of the genus Pupilla [Pupillidae]. See other gastropod shapes. | |
SINISTRAL |
In gastropods, the direction of coiling in which, with the shell held upright (apex at the top), the APERTURAL opening is at the left; and in which, with the shell viewed from above the APEX, the coiling proceeds from the apex in a counterclockwise direction; = LEFT HANDED; opposite of DEXTRAL; See also:
ACHIRAL;
CHIRALITY;
HETEROSTROPHY;
ENANTIOMORPH;.
See other gastropod shapes. Illustration: Physella sp.; Photo: Busycon contrarium (Conrad, 1840) See: Sinistral Shells - by design or accident |
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SLIPPER-SHAPED | Resembling a person's slipper, e.g., when viewing an upside-down shell of the genus Crepidula, with the DECK of the shell forming the upper part of the slipper. See other gastropod shapes. | |
SPINDLE-SHAPED |
Round; tapering toward each end; FUSIFORM. See other gastropod shapes. Photo: Triplofusus giganteus (Kiener, 1840) |
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STROMBOID |
Shaped like some members of the genus Strombus. = STROMBIFORM. See other gastropod shapes.
Photo: Strombus raninus Gmelin, 1791 |
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TIGHTLY COILED | Having many, narrowly expanding WHORLS; see also: LOOSELY COILED; IRREGULARLY COILED; SPIRALLY COILED. See other gastropod shapes. | |
TROCHOID or TROCHIFORM |
Having the form of a top; conical, with the base of the cone at the APERTURE; see also: TURBINATE. See other gastropod shapes. | |
TUBULAR | Cylindrical, (pertaining to the gastropod families Caecidae, Vermetidae, etc.), often used to mean open at both ends (as in the scaphopods, or TUSK SHELLS). See other gastropod shapes. | |
TURBINATE | Having a broadly conical spire and a convex base, as in the gastropod family Turbinidae; see also: TROCHOID. See other gastropod shapes. | |
TURRICULATE | Having the form of a tower; = TURRIFORM. See other gastropod shapes. | |
TURRIFORM | Tower-shaped; = TURRICULATE. See other gastropod shapes. | |
WHORL, DISJUNCT | Having subsequent WHORLS not touching the previous; = DISCONTIGUOUS; = GYROCONIC; see also: LOOSELY COILED. See other gastropod shapes. | |
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